What It Means To Be An Effective Digital Citizen Assignment

What It Means To Be An Effective Digital Citizen - Assignment Example Such an invention will be used till a better alternative is found. One of the best things that have ever been discovered by man apart from fire is electricity and the computer. The potential and use of these discoveries are wide, diverse and can never be overestimated. However, like any other invention it has the capability of harming humanity and the natural order of things. Digital is the general word to describe computers and their various applications. Digitalization has led to the discovery and boom of a number of devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, desktops, microchips and other numerous gadgets in the digital world. However, just like any other invention, the digital inventions can be used for various mean and malicious purposes. The Term digital citizenship is used to refer to the various means that digital technology can be made available to everyone (Nine Elements, 2015). This is because making it available to everyone will enhance the efficiency in which humanity communicates information, and manipulate information. It is important to be efficient in matters of information and data since information is power. To some of the scholars, gaining equal digital rights and pushing for the access of digital technology is good of Digital Citizenship. It is bound to be difficult to progress as a society if some part of the society is denied digital technology. Commerce in the digital world; consumers in the digital world need to be aware that business is one of the diverse application of the digital technology. Legal and legitimate tradeoffs occur online by use of digital gadgets. However the users in the digital world need to be aware of the issues that are associated with digital commerce. At the same digital commerse, there is exchange of goods and services and money that are against the morals and virtues of some nations. The

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem Renaissance Essay Emerging from the bonds of slavery the African American, for the first time, had the opportunity to identify and express himself as a character in the vast drama that is the United States. â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance began only fifty-six years after slavery had ended. † (Hardy, 16). Finally, an enormous portion of the nation that had been actively oppressed for centuries had the opportunity to articulate itself through art, music, and literature—as well as to define what it was to be black in America. The Harlem Renaissance was limited to Harlem for two reasons: first, the south remained an exceedingly difficult and dangerous place to live, where freedoms were limited and trampled by whites seeking to preserve their place in society; and second, the north, although promising utter equality, remained starkly segregated and economically grueling for African Americans. As a result, most blacks in New York City were quartered off into the worst sections of town; however, they remained free enough to explore themselves intellectually, spiritually, and creatively. The Harlem Renaissance was an important happening in the United States because it reflected the fundamental aspects of a culture that had been deliberately silenced since the first slave ship had arrived in Jamestown. The stream of black Americans crossing into the north from the southern states that had began since the Declaration of Independence exploded into a raging flood of migration between the years of 1920 and 1925. In this brief period alone â€Å"more than two million black people moved from the south to the north. There was a strong feeling of progress and the hope that life in the north would be sweeter. † (Hardy, 17). The north offered something that the south could not—in addition to the tradition of free blacks—black Americans could easily find and secure jobs working in factories and manufacturing plants. This allowed many rural African Americans to escape their ties to southern lands, and inhabit an urban area where their culture could be celebrated—at least locally—and their wages, slightly more substantial. This provided a unique environment to any cultural movement until that time. Specifically, this was because African American players in the Harlem Renaissance no-longer sought to ingratiate themselves into mainstream white American culture, but instead, to stake their own unique claim upon the traditions of this nation. They openly separated themselves, because they were separated. Rather than downplay their differences, they were celebrated. â€Å"Sterling Brown [a Renaissance writer], has identified five themes animating the movement: (1) Africa as a source of pride, (2) black American heroes, (3) racial political propaganda, (4) the black folk tradition, and (5) candid self-revelation. † (Beckman, 7). Taken together, all these themes are consequences of black America’s re-affirmation of itself. Famous editor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis, W. E. B. Du Bois attributed the movement to what he called the â€Å"talented tenth. † This was the elite one-tenth of the percent of the black community in Harlem that excelled in self expression and reflection. The duel-edged foundation of the northern black community—freedom and repression—seeded a reaction in this portion of the population, â€Å"The Talented Tenth of Harlem reacted by seeking to create the image of the ‘New Negro. ’† (Beckman, 8). Importantly, the leaders of the Renaissance recognized that the traditional pathways to social change were blocked by white America—they lacked wealth and political power. Consequently, the image of the â€Å"New Negro† needed to be expressed through the arts and literature. The movement itself took the form of three major phases. The first phase began in about 1920 and stretched into 1923; it drew strongly from white literary and artistic influences that had been sensitive to the black cause. â€Å"The second phase, from about 1924 to 1926, began when more blacks began to express their creativity and philosophy themselves. † (Beckman, 9). The third and final phase was dominated by what Zora Neale Hurston would later call the â€Å"Niggerati,† who were extremely prolific black writers and artists who stressed the importance of art for the sake of art. Partially, the last phase can be thought of as a negative reaction to the reliance of the second phase upon propaganda. Essentially, the Harlem Renaissance cannot be understood as an event, but a process—a vast progression of thought and expression from the black community. The creation of the New Negro, therefore, was a subject of constant debate. â€Å"What aspects of black culture should be celebrated was the subject of great argument during the Harlem Renaissance. † (Haskins, 14). This question is what spurred the progression of the movement into and out of each of its stages. But overall, â€Å"The art and literature of the Harlem Renaissance focus on proving the humanity and equality of African Americans. † (Hardy, 18). Despite the debates within the Renaissance, the elemental myths they aimed to dispel remained the same. The idea that blacks were naturally inferior to whites needed to be explicitly proven wrong for the framework of inequality and racism to be demolished. The Harlem Renaissance was truly the launch pad for the equal rights movements and American artistic movements that were to follow. Not only were the notions of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X formed by the members of the Renaissance, but jazz and the blues came out of it as well. Its influence cannot only be felt in the intellectual conceptions of America, but in realms of art and entertainment as well. For this reason it is rather difficult to pinpoint when the movement ended. The convenient ending is to place it at the stock market crash of 1929. However, although it could be argued that the works to emerge out of the black community were fundamentally different after this time, it would be impossible to claim that everything since the Harlem Renaissance has not, in some way, drawn from or been a reaction to its core notions. Bibliography: 1. Beckman, Wendy Hart. (2002). Artists and Writers of the Harlem Renaissance. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers. 2. Hardy, P. Stephen and Sheila Jackson Hardy. (2000). Extraordinary People of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Grolier Publishing. 3. Haskins, Jim. (1996). The Harlem Renaissance. Brookfield: Millbrook Press.

A Comparison of Corrupt Kings in Shakespeares Henry IV and Richard II

A successful monarchy relies upon a stable leader who is concerned with the satisfaction of those he rules over. Henry Bolingbroke the IV in Shakespeare's Henry the IV Part I follows a trend set by his predecessor in Richard II of self-indulgence and neglect of his kingdom. These leaders worry about the possibility of losing their kingdom or their soldiers to other nobles who were also concerned more with obtaining a higher position rather than governing. The king must also be wary of his own life, something that was once revered and guarded closely by other nobles. Wars once fought for gaining or protecting land are overshadowed by personal battles fighting for the position of king. Henry proved himself a powerful and fearless leader when he forcefully overthrew King Richard despite the divine rights bestowed upon him. While this was disruptive to the country, it appeared that this new leader would be successful because of confidence and military strength. However, shortly after he obtained his position, Henry became aware of the forces pulling the king away from his duties. He fails to either ignore or eliminate these distractions and becomes absorbed in them instead; "It seems then that the tidings of this broil/Brake off our business." (Henry, I, i, 47-48). Unfortunately, the king is not the only one neglecting the country. Most of the nobles realize their potential for additional power after the throne has been usurped. This disease, known as neglect, spreads through the ruling class unnoticed by the inflicted. John of Gaunt is one of the few nobles to see what the English peasants have seen; "That England that was wont to conquer others / Hath made a shamef ul conquest of itself." (Richard, II, i, 69-70). John of Gaunt sc... ...bination which proved to be impossible. Works Cited and Consulted Barber, C.L. "Rule and Misrule in Henry IV." William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Bloom, Harold. Richard II, Part One: Bloom's Notes. New York: Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London: Baron's Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Richard II Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Richard II The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV. In The Norten Anthology of English Literature. Eds. M.H. Abrams et all. 5th Ed. New York: Norton, 1987.

Production Functions and Cost Functions in Oil Pipelines Essay

1. For an 18-inch pipeline designed for 150,000 barrels per day, what is the short-run cost per barrel (per thousand miles) of transporting crude oil if the throughput is (a) 50,000 barrels per day (b) 100,000 barrels per day (c) 150,000 barrels per day? Using chart 7, a) Cost of transporting 50,000 barrels would be 30 cents. b) Cost of transporting 100,000 barrels would be 17 cents. c) Cost of transporting 150,000 barrels would 16 cents. 2. Can a 16-inch pipeline with 10,000 horsepower transport 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day? If a firm has a 20-inch pipeline, how much horsepower must be used to transport 150,000 barrels per day? This question can be approached in two ways. Both the approaches give different answers. a. Using Chart 1, a 16-inch pipeline with 10,000 horsepower will NOT be able to transport 100,000 barrels of crude oil per day. The pipeline will require at least 20,000 horsepower. If a firm has a 20-inch pipeline and wants to transport 150,000 barrels per day, they should use 20,000 horsepower. b. Using formula , T = (H) (D ) / (0.01046) When D= 16 inches H= 10,000, we get T= 349619.69 barrels. Thus, a 16 inch line pipeline with 10k horsepower can transport 100k barrels of oil. If the pipeline is 20 inch and we need to get 150k barrels of oil, using the formula, we will need 357.79 3. Does it appear that there should be many pipelines competing to transport crude oil over a particular route? Why or why not? I don’t think there would be multiple lines competing to transport crude oil over a particular route unless there is more demand than what is currently being supplied. It does not make economic sense to run pipelines at less than maximum capacity as they require a huge investment. The cost of laying the line and the materials costs of steel, pipe coating, line block valves, corrosion protection and so forth are a huge investment and would not be feasible for an oil company if the pipeline would not be supplying oil to its fullest capacity. 4. According to Leslie Cookenboo, plant D in Figure 1 â€Å"is not the optimum plant for the output at which it itself is most efficient (Q1).† How can this be? Explain. Optimum point is the point where the output costs the least per unit. The point where Q1 falls on the curve of plant E is lower than the lowest point on the curve of plant D. Therefore plant E can produce D’s optimum output more cheaply than D. 5. Leslie Cookenboo stresses the difficulties and limitations of estimating cost functions on the basis of historical cost data, rather than engineering data of the sort he uses. What are these limitations and difficulties? According to Leslie Cookenboo, where engineering estimation is feasible for cost studies it should be used, since actual costs may be subject to any number of erratic variations arising from construction or operating conditions unique to particular cases. In cases where engineering data is not available, historical data can be used, but using historical data makes the cost estimation prone to errors as it does not take into account the specific environmental factors that affect a particular situation. 6. Explain in commonsense terms why there are economies of scale in pipelines. In general, the average cost of transporting a barrel of oil decreases as total throughput increases. That is, oil pipelines are characterized by  economies of scale. There are several reasons for this: a) Setup Costs: The cost planning, design and installation are fixed setup costs. b) Volumetric Returns to Scale: Oil Pipelines are characterized by volumetric returns to scale. This happens because the cost of steel depends on its surface area while the capacity of the pipeline depends on its volume. Also, the amount of horsepower required is determined by resistance to flow which is decreasing in the diameter of the pipe. In the case, the production function is estimated as: This production function is characterized by increasing returns to scale. Doubling line diameter and horsepower leads to more than a fourfold increase in output but only a doubling in costs. c) Long run fixed costs: The cost of the personnel that monitor the pipelines is a long-run fixed cost due to the fact that a minimum number of personnel is required to monitor the pipelines regardless of the throughput. d) For the same level of reliability, larger pipelines require relatively fewer pumps in reserve. 7. Leslie Cookenboo has been senior economics adviser in the corporate planning department of Exxon Corporation. In what ways might Exxon have made use of his findings? Leslie Cookenboo’s study has 3 major findings: a. Economies of scale characteristic of the operation of pipe lines require that oil must be carried conglomerated in as large quantities as is possible in large diameter lines. This gives the least transportation costs obtainable. Exxon can reduce its transportation costs by transporting oil in large quantities in large diameter lines. b. Pipelines should not be run at throughputs appreciably below capacity; otherwise higher costs per barrel will be incurred than need be. Exxon can avoid higher costs per barrel by operating the pipelines at maximum capacity. c. Capacity of a large line can be expanded appreciably without increasing average costs. Decreased average costs can be obtained with moderate expansions.

Mob Mentality

Mob mentality, or mob psychology, has been observed in numerous rock concerts and sports events in the United States, which often ends in riots and numerous people trampled to death. These events imply that there are certain influences exerted by a group that affect a person's behavior (Waddington & King, 2005). The effect of these observations is the conduct of many studies and theories in the field of social psychology.As early as 1895, Le Bon, who was writing about crowd psychology, published his work entitled, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. His work posits that people who form a large crowd lose their conscious personalities, and these are â€Å"replaced by a sinister uncivilised and potentially barbaric ‘collective mind (Waddington & King, 2005).’†The concept of mob psychology is rooted on the idea that the persons involved are burdened with an incapacity for self-control. Thus, these people who are susceptible of being part of the mob easily succumb to pressures, influences, and temptations (Feasibility and Admissibility of Mob Mentality Defenses, 1995).The perceived reason underlying mob mentality is classified into three complementary mechanisms. First among these is anonymity. A person who usually acts as a distinct person is prevented from behaving badly because his actins would be associated with himself alone. However, a person who loses his personality and becomes merely a part of large crowd becomes anonymous, making him feel liberated from personal responsibility from their actions (Waddington & King, 2005).Another mechanism involved in crowd disorder is suggestibility. Le Bon asserts that people in a group become â€Å"less resistant to the ‘hypnotic’ powers of suggestion.† Thus, the mob is compelled into engaging in abnormal and unsavory behavior. This mechanism suggested by Le Bon is built upon by Allport in 1924, who suggested that mob psychology involves â€Å"social facilitation† where by mutual stimulation causes the overriding of customary self-restraint exercised by people in normal circumstances (Waddington & King, 2005).  Finally, there is contagion. This mechanism refers to the fact that the â€Å"†high emotions spread contagiously† as if such effect is inevitable. This leads to the often-observed violent frenzy of mobs (Waddington & King, 2005).Mob mentality is a defense against criminal liability, and is based on psychological theory. In technical terms, it is referred to as Mob Violence Proclivity Syndrome. It belongs to other psychological defenses to criminal liability, such as child sexual abuse syndrome and rape trauma syndrome (Feasibility and Admissibility of Mob Mentality Defenses, 1995).The idea is that group criminal behavior is explained by the tendency of humans to get caught up in the excitement of situations and people such that they are unable to make meaningful, real, and rational decisions about their behavior (Feasibility a nd Admissibility of Mob Mentality Defenses, 1995).The legal community has observed the effects of an understanding of this human behavioral tendency on public policy, the law, and criminal liability. Whereas in the old times, crimes committed by a group had been made graver by the fact that several people participated in the act, nowadays, such fact is used to mitigate criminal liability of the offenders.Thus, the fact that people who merely followed the mob did not have the opportunity to make rational choices about their actions is enough to help them negate or avoid criminal responsibility for their acts (Feasibility and Admissibility of Mob Mentality Defenses, 1995). This particular effect of the psychological concept of mob mentality raises serious concerns on public policy and the law.ReferencesFeasibility and Admissibility of Mob Mentality Defenses. (1995). Harvard Law Review 108(5),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1111-1126.Waddington, D. & King, M. (2005). The Diso rderly Crowd: From Classical PsychologicalReductionism to Socio-Contextual Theory – The Impact on Public Order Policing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategies. The Howard Journal 44 (5), 490–503

10 Super Weird College Majors Youve Never Heard Of

10 Super Weird College Majors Youve Never Heard Of You have a passion for something, but you aren’t sure whether there’s a major for that. We’re in an exciting, evolving time now where, depending on where you choose to study, you can kind of go your own way. There are tons of weird, but cool- and real- majors out there for you to explore and extend what drives you. So pick your passion, follow your bliss, and major in something that matters to you. Here are 10 of the weirdest and the coolest ones we’ve found.1. Adventure EdIf you go to Plymouth State University in New Hampshire, you can take courses in Rock Climbing, Canoe Paddling, Wilderness Expedition, etc. in preparation to help teach kids, adults, at-risk populations, and yourself to have challenging experiences in the great outdoors. Your job prospects include working for outdoor education at state or national parks, or even outdoor adventure programs the world over.2. BagpipingShow your Scottish roots- at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, yo u can major in Bagpipe Performance. The major has been around for 75 years.3. Canadian StudiesAt Duke University in North Carolina, it’s not all about American Studies. You can study the literature, politics, and culture of the giant country to the north- regardless of whether or not you hail from there. Learn, in-depth, about our neighbors!4. AuctioneeringThink you’d make a great auctioneer? If you go to Harrisburg Area Community College in Pennsylvania and study things like Audience Communications, Auctioneering Law, Procurement and Appraisal of Merchandise, and Preparations for the Auction, you’ll prep yourself for a very specific career. Job prospects: obvious!5. The BeatlesNo, really. At Liverpool Hope University in the UK, you can â€Å"examine the significance of the music of The Beatles in the construction of identities, audiences, ethnicities and industries, and localities.† Job prospects: Beatles historian (yes, apparently that is a thing) or Po pular Music Studies specialist.6. CitrusIf you go to Florida Southern University, where citrus farming is key, you can learn all you need to know about planting, irrigating, weed managing, pruning, fertilizing, pest controlling, and all other general citrus tree managing. Job prospects are surprisingly numerous: work for large citrus production companies, grove service companies, agricultural cooperatives, juice processing plants, agrochemical and fertilizer companies, or at citrus research facilities.7. Comic ArtComic arts are a real art these days. Study History, Concepts, Storytelling, Print Web Publishing, Composition, Character Development, etc. at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, then take a job at comic studios as a cartoonist, illustrator or author or in comic book art production.8. EgyptologyLove mummies? At Brown University in Rhode Island, you can prepare yourself for a career as an Egyptologist, historian, or specialized archaeologist by studying all things An cient Egyptian and Mesopotamian.9. Farrier ScienceLearn how to shoe horses at Mesalands Community College in New Mexico. Enjoy courses such as Equine Anatomy and Physiology, Horseshoeing Theory, Blacksmithing, then find yourself your dream career as a self-employed farrier, or work in equine or agricultural industries.10. Pop CultureAre you that person who knows everything about pop culture and doesn’t really care much about anything else? There’s a degree for you at Bowling Green State University in Ohio. Your course load would include things like Intro to Popular Culture or Popular Culture and Media, Black Popular Culture, Television as Popular Culture, Folklife and Material Culture, and History of Popular Literature. And a wide variety of careers might be open to you, including positions in advertising, public relations, journalism, mass media (management, performance, production and marketing), teaching, library and museum work. It never hurts to be a well-rounded person who knows a ton about what’s going on around you.

THE BOSTON essays

THE BOSTON essays The Boston Massacre or Victims of Circumstance? (1770) Section 4-6 The acount as described by Captain Thomas Preston surrounding the events occuring on March fifth of seventeen hundred seventy, contains a more precise detailing of the happenings on that fatefull day. The colonists of Boston were predisposed to feel resentment at the arrival and continuation of Brittish troops to remain in Boston causing many to feel oppression from England. The feeling of occupation and dislike of forein intervention into their daily lives, would generally lead one to surmise that in situations where altercations between troops and the civilians had taken place, the bias on the part of colonist's could very well lead to an imbelishment of their participation in such episodes. Soldier's from Brittain with status,(such as a captain) were of an educated background and in enforcing the Kings law would treat colonist's as they would have treated England's subject's. With the animosity towards his Majesty's troops by the colonist's, a person in the position of Captain Preston was responsible for the tranquility of the people and the intent to resolve disputes, without causing an enraged population to rebel against the control of his troops. What makes the report more credible on behalf of Captain Preston is the surrender of his own volition to the sherrif. The continuation of refering to the incident as The Boston Massacre was a form of propaganda allowing for discontented civilian's to become more disobediant and enabled the articulation of their argument that the occupation by the soldiers was an affront to the freedoms they had been accorded by being so distant from the Brittish Empire. The word massacre entails a definition of horrific acts so unspeakable as to propagate an idea of inhumane and unjust treatment and to incite opposition to the in...