Women and Debt Essay -- essays research papers

The dreaded ‘D’ word; debt. All of us have it at some time or another, and we would all like to get rid of it. Recent studies have shown, it is more common for women to be in debt. There are many reasons why this is so. When you look into a women’s closet you do not just see your everyday jeans and shirts like you would in a man's. You would be lucky if you see a few suits, ties and a tuxedo from the senior prom, but it is entirely different for a woman. A woman’s closet looks more like a department store. You have dress shirts, casual shirts, baby tees, tank tops, camisoles, dress pants, work pants, "fat" jeans, "skinny" jeans from the10th grade, casual jeans, dress jeans, not including the jeans you bought to go with the sexy red top that doesn't match with anything but the red top. If you are lucky to have a walk-in closet you might have a section for shoes, belts and purses, that is, if you’re lucky! The reason this happens is because when women go shopping they don't just go to purchase a shirt or a pair of jeans; no, the intentions may be good but it never works out that way. Every time a women picks up a shirt the first thing she thinks is, this is cute; then we have this little vision, of seeing our cute little self, in this new shirt with a nice dark pair of jeans, and fabulous pink pumps, and that’s when the trouble begins. Most of us women already do have darks jeans and pink pumps, but they are old and faded or we were seen in them two times a...

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave & Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. By Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs (Introduction by Kwame Anthony Appiah). (The Modern Library: New York. c. 2004. 434 pp. $6. 95). Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglas, an American Slave is a firsthand account of the struggle of Fredrick Douglas who was born into slavery. The book hits on several main points of slavery from the brutal beatings that were inflicted upon slaves to the hypocrisy of Christian slave owners who used religious teachings as a justification for the treatment of their slaves. Douglas immediately immerses the reader in the atrocities of being a slave. The feel is very â€Å"matter of fact† but leaves the reader feeling compelled to be irate. Douglas is almost able to actually bring the reader into the life of a slave. The imagery that is used is so vivid that you can actually see the book play out in your mind. The ascription of meaning to the slave songs that Douglas heard in the pine woods is eye opening and the quote â€Å"The mere reoccurrence to those songs, even now, afflicts me; And while I am writing these lines, an expression of feeling has already found its way down my cheek. To those songs I trace my first glimmering conception of the dehumanizing character of slavery (pg 28) â€Å". The power of that quote alone is enough to open the heart and mind to the pain of the African American slave. The scope of this narrative is across the life of Fredrick Douglas, from his childhood as a slave to his role as an speaker on behalf of abolition in which he drew the courage to speak out even in front of his white counterparts. The purpose of the narrative is to inform the reader of the circumstances that the slaves had to deal with on a day to day basis and also as a public argument against slavery. I feel that he book is an exceptional piece of literature that by all standards envelops the reader into the world of a slave in the 1800s. The literature not only examines the life of Frederick Douglas but the ideas of the time in which he lived. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave & Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. By Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs (Introduction by Kwame Anthony Appiah). (The Modern Library: New York. c. 2004. 434 pp. $6. 95). Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs is exactly as the title says, an account of incidents that â€Å"Linda Brent† had went through in her life. It is important to note that â€Å"Linda Brent† is used as a pseudonym for Jacobs. Brent did not fully understand that she was a slave until around age six when her mother dies and she is now One thing that I liked about the this narrative was the emphasis on family. In â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave† family is not examined as much, due to the treatment of the slaves by their masters, their family lineage is mostly a secret. Jacob's goes into detail about the bond between her and her mother as well as her grandmother. The purpose of this book is to indulge the reader into several incidents that made Harriet Jacobs who she was. The motif of broken family cohesion is ever existing in the book as it is shown that black women are, most of the time, not allowed to raise their children, marriage is not allowed between slaves and if it is they do not live with one another, and mulatto children are sold and the white fathers feel no obligation to their children. The major conflict in the text between the need for freedom and the need to protect her children brings a very realness to the narrative. I do feel that Jacobs wants the reader to believe that all of the accounts or incidents in the book are in fact nonfiction, as stated, † Reader, be assured this narrative is no fiction. I am aware that some of my adventures may seem incredible; but they are, nevertheless, strictly true. I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery; on the contrary, my descriptions fall far short of the facts (pg 1)† The horrific events that happened in the narrative are hard to understand or believe, that is why Jacobs inserts the previous adage. The juxtaposition I have chosen for the two slave narratives is family. In â€Å"narrative of the life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave† family is not a prevalent theme. In fact the lack of family would be a more accurate depiction. Yet in â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† family is one of the most important things to â€Å"Brent†, aside from freedom, and the argument could be made that family came before freedom. As a child family was very important to Brent and as a mother it remained just as strongly to her.

Constitutional Safeguards of the 4th, 5th and 6th Amendments to the US Constitution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2041 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Tags: United States Essay Did you like this example? Constitutional safeguards provided by US Constitution in the 4th, 5th and 6th amendments in regards to the criminal justice system are implemented to protect people against indiscriminate application of criminal laws and wanton treatment of persons suspected of violating the law. The amendments which are specifically designed to enforce constitutional rights of suspected criminals have had a significant impact in the criminal judicial sector. The workings of the courts in both juvenile and adult criminal proceedings and trials have been altered by these safeguards provided for by the amendments whereby the courts are required to conduct the proceedings or trials in a manner that is in conformity with the safeguards. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Constitutional Safeguards of the 4th, 5th and 6th Amendments to the US Constitution" essay for you Create order A legal aspect that contradicts or offends the constitutional safeguards is deemed inadmissible in court. The paper shall conduct identify and evaluate the constitutional safeguards by the 4th, 5th and 6th amendments in addition to providing an analytical and comparative study on the various impacts of the safeguards in the day-to- day operation of adult and juvenile courts. The 4th amendment enumerates certain safeguards in regards to unreasonable searches. The amendment gives people the right to be secure in their persons, houses and personal effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The right is protected under the amendment which provides that it shall be not violated. Subsequently, the amendment provides that warranties shall only be issued is there is a probable cause and shall be supported by an oath or affirmation providing a detailed description of the place to be searched and persons or things to seized thereof. In essence the 4th amendment provides protection aga inst general searches by the government. Law enforcement personnel are entrusted with the authority and power to conduct searches, investigations, make arrests and seizures. However, this power is not absolute and is subject to limitations that require it to be exercised within the boundaries and the tenets of the law (Amar, 1994). When the police officers or law enforcement personnel exercise this power in a manner that exceeds or violates the prerequisite boundaries, the admissibility of the collected evidence is adversely jeopardized. It is the courts prerogative to ensure that the adduced evidence does not violate or offend the constitutional safeguards provided by the 4th amendment. The safeguards provided under this amendment only applies against a government action undertaken by a government employee whether state of federal or private persons working with a governmental agency. Thus under the 4th amendment, courts are not required to offer protection against bugging, or any forms of wiretapping conducted by private citizens such as private investigators even if the private investigators evidence directly links a person to the aforesaid crime. Cou rts are inclined to deny the admissibility of the private investigators evidence as it violated the safeguards provided under the 4th amendment. The private investigators evidence can only be admissible in court if it is sufficiently shown that he or she was working with law enforcement agency at the time of the collection of the evidence which was permitted by a warrant (Amar, 1994). However, this aspect has often had adverse impacts in the courts. The core purpose of criminal purpose of any judicial organ is to provide justice to the victims and punish the perpetrators of crimes. However, the absenteeism or failure by courts to protect evidence gathered by private persons has at times occasioned an injustice thus contradicting the core essence of the criminal justice system. A suspect maybe let off the criminal justice hooks solely based on the fact that the evidence linking them to the crime cannot be admitted in court because it was gathered by private persons. Additionally, private investigators with certain clues or knowledge purtaining some crimes are reluctant to coming forward and hand over the evidence to law enforcement agency because they are not protected by the 4th amendment safeguards (Amar, 1994). Under the 4th amendment, courts are to invalidate searches and seizures carried out under probable cause without a court warrant. However, the US Supreme Court has provided that in certain situations, warrantless searches may be deemed reasonable under present circumstances and admissible in court. The ruling according to scholars provided an exception to the constitutional muster provided by the 4th amendment in regards to searches and seizures. In Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S. Ct. 1868, 21 L. Ed. 889 (1968) the Supreme Court ruled that the 4th amendment prohibits from detaining pedestrians and or conducting any kind of searches on person without probable cause (Amar, 1994). This provision applies to searches conducted under traffic laws. Courts articulate that a police officer must satisfy the probable cause requirement in pursuant to searches conducted in automobiles. In providing exceptions in the 4th amendment against seizures, courts strike a balance between the practical daily workings of a police officer and the privacy and freedoms interests of the public (Amar, 1994). In juvenile courts the application of the 4th amendment has resulted in divergent and contradictory rulings. The Arizona Court of Appeals relying on the case of Terry v. Ohio 392 U.S. 1, 16 (1968) in a case whereby a police officer encountered a juvenile sitting underneath a bridge wearing a heavy jacket under warm weather and conducted a search on the minor and found drugs on the minor and proceeded to arrest him. On ruling the court held that the minor was not seized and if it were a seizure it would not amount to an unreasonable seizure. Subsequently, in another ruling in the Di strict of Columbia, police officers were conducting consent searches in a bus. During the searches, they approached a fourteen year old in the bus and began questioning him. On conducting a search on the boy they found crack cocaine on the boy and arrested him. In the ruling the District of Columbia court of Appeals held that to a reasonable person based on the circumstances, the boy was not seized (Amar, 1994). The exclusionary rule in the US criminal jurisprudence was introduced by the Supreme Court in the case of Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383 (1914). The rule enables courts to exclude incriminating evidence against a defendant upon sufficient proof that the evidence was procured in a manner that offended the constitution (Levy, 1974). The rule gives the defendants an option to challenge the admissibility of evidence by filing of a pre-trial motion. Evidence heard or adduced at the pre-trial motion cannot be used against the defendant in the proceedings. If the evidence used in the pre-trial is not suppressed by the court, and is instead used by the jury to convict, the defendant can challenge the admissibility of that evidence on appeal. However, the Supreme Court in the case of Lockhart v. Nelson, 488 U.S. 33 (1988), articulated that the exclusionary rule does not bar the retrial of a defendant in regards to suppressed evidence as the trial courts error does not go to the question of guilt or innocence (Levy, 1974). The 5th amendment provides various safeguards offer the defendant protection against self incrimination, double jeopardy and the right to due process. The provision of the right against self incrimination based on evidence got via a compelling confession made by coercion or deception. Under this safeguard, courts are compelled to exclude such kind of evidence as it is they were got via uncivilized manner that offended the tenets of the constitution. The self incriminatory rule includes the right to remain silent which was realized by the US Supreme Court in the case of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). The court ruled that arrested persons must be explained their right to remain silent or have an attorney present during questioning (Amar Lettow, 1995). The ruling was meant to prevent acquiring of a confession from the suspect under pressure by police officers. This landmark ruling led to the creation of the Miranda Rights whereby police officers are required to inform an arrested person his constitutional rights to remain silent and have an attorney. If it is sufficiently proved that police officers violated a suspects Miranda Rights in obtaining evidence, courts render that evidence inadmissible as it was obtained on an illegality. Subsequently, the amendment provides a safeguard that prohibits governments from subjecting an individual to double punishment or trial of the same offence. This safeguard is called the right against double jeopardy. When conducting trials, the government has an obligation to inform the court of the previous convictions of the defendants regarding the same offence. Defendants can bring motions regarding the double jeopardy clause to challenge prosecution or overturning of a subsequent punishment (Amar Lettow, 1995). Subsequently, the 5th amendment provides every defendant the right to due process which requires all criminal proceedings to be conducted in a fair manner that is impartial. Courts are allowed to allow accused persons the right to present fully their case and defend themselves adequately against the charged crimes. The right to due is applicable to all phases of a criminal proceeding from pre-trial to the final appellate decision. In juvenile courts, the right to due process is strictly enforced as required in adult courts. Juveniles are given the right to have an to call witnesses to appear on their behalf and remain silent. They are also accorded the right to cross-examine witnesses and obtain sub-poenas to compel witnesses to appear on their behalf. The availability of enforcing these rights in the juvenile courts has positively impacted the outcome of the court proceedings and the court cases. The juveniles have an equal and fair ability as the adults to fully and adequately exercise all their rights in the criminal trials. The awarding of these rights in the juvenile courts ensures that no miscarriage of justice is occasioned pursuant to the 5th amendment (Amar Lettow, 1995). The 6th amendment gives defendants the right to a speedy trial which is conducted in public by a jury which is impartial. The amendment also provides the right of a defendant to have an attorney and be informed the nature and cause of the aforesaid charges. The US Supreme court has not given clear guideline or ruling that gives an exact time limit at which a trial should be deemed excessive and not speedy in consonance with the 6th amendment. Instead the court has provided a balancing test that is used in the other lower courts whereby it weighs the reasons and causes of delay against the prejudice suffered by a defendant occasioned by the delay. A delay of one year in bringing a defendant to trial can be deemed as contravening the speedy trial clause. However, defend ants whose own actions have directly resulted to lengthy trials cannot claim the protection of the speedy trial clause (McCormick, Strong Broun, 1999). Subsequently, the safeguard provided by the 6th amendment to inform the defendants to be informed the nature and cause of the charges is interpreted by courts in two distinct elements. The defendants must receive notice of any criminal complaint lodged against them and that defendants should not be tried and convicted on charges that vary from the crimes set out in the charge sheet. After the arraignment in court the written charges are read to the defendants to determine if the determine fully understands them (McCormick, Strong Broun, 1999). Arraignment in court gives the defendants the right to be represented by a counsel. However, this right is not absolute as the defendants have a right to defend themselves in the course of the criminal proceedings in a process called appearing pro se. Courts also apply the exclusionary rule w hereby any evidence obtained in a manner that offended the constitution is excluded from the trials. Subsequently, the right to have an impartial jury gives the defendant the right to a jury pool whereby the impartiality of the jury is determined via a voir dire. In juvenile proceedings courts may suspend the right to have a public trial if is of the view that it is the best interests of a child (McCormick, Strong Broun, 1999). References Amar, A. R., Lettow, R. B. (1995). Fifth Amendment First Principles: The Self-Incrimination Clause. Michigan Law Review, 857-928. Amar, A. R. (1994). Fourth Amendment first principles. Harvard Law Review, 757-819. Levy, L. W. (1974). Against the Law: The Nixon Court Criminal Justice. Harper Row. McCormick, C. T., Strong, J. W., Broun, K. S. (1999). McCormick on evidence (Vol. 1). West Group Publishing

Freedom of Speech - 1252 Words

There are many issues that revolve around the right to speak freely. There are responsibilities that should be recognized that correlate with the freedom of speech. At what point does one’s words, written or spoken, become inappropriate? Should Americans be held accountable for the things that they might say or write? Should there be consequences for publishing or broadcasting information that is not correct? How are Americans suppose to differentiate what should and should not be deemed common knowledge, or privileged information? These issues are an important aspect of being American. When examining freedom of speech, Americans should be aware of how speech, verbal or written, affects the unity of our nation, government policy and public safety. The very core of America is based on freedom. The pilgrims left Europe because of religious persecution, and inability to practice or say what they believed. The United States of America was founded in a great part due to the idea th at the states would be able to be created according to what different groups of people believed to be right. The greatest example of this is the difference in free states and slave states. The northern states had great economic prosperity based on farming and shipping. The southern states used slaves to become prosperous in farming and exporting goods to other countries. Together, the north and south were able to prosper, as a nation, because the states had common business interests, however, there wasShow MoreRelatedSpeech : Freedom Of Speech1364 Words   |  6 Pages Even though freedom of speech can be tricky, understanding what can be said under the first amendment is key. This will give you more confidence when you re talking about current events, it ll inhibit social interaction, but the biggest reason of all is understanding your rights will keep you out of jail. Even the supreme court struggles to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. When trying to see if yo ur covered by the first amendment, certain questions have to be displayed. AreRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pages Abby Koopmann Ethics Freedom of Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the governmentRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech1105 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, part of the First Amendment, is a privileged right that should not be taken lightly. The Milo Bill is said to protect students’ right to their freedom of speech on school grounds. It was introduced at Tennessee’s State House and is named after Milo Yiannopoulos, a British public speaker who made a career out of â€Å"trolling† liberals and gained publicity for uncalled-for acts, such as racist and harassing comments on Twitter, which got him banned from the socialRead MoreSpeech : The Freedom Of Speech Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesCitizens of the United States are privileged to the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, but the constitutional limits of the freedom of speech have been questioned on multiple occasions. Citizens of the United States have called upon the Supreme Court numerous times to interpret the meaning of the First Amendment, and the court has censored some forms of speech such as obscene speech --which has been pr ohibited--and indecent or pornographic speech--which has been regulated (Barrett, 1999). PublicRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech3937 Words   |  16 PagesZhiyuan Li Philosophy 2367 Freedom of Speech A couple of months ago, University of Chicago’s president Robert J. Zimmerin expressed his concern about freedom of speech on campus in a Wall Street Journal article: Free speech is at risk at the very institution where it should be assured: the university †¦ Invited speakers are disinvited because a segment of a university community deems them offensive, while other orators are shouted down for similar reasons. Demands are made to eliminate readings thatRead MoreFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1403 Words   |  6 PagesFREE SPEECH Freedom of speech is perhaps the most precious tenets of liberal democracies accorded to the citizens of the free world. The United States, and the rest of the Western society is known to be the cradle of democratic principles, and this can be evidenced by the level of freedom accorded to the citizens of the United States and the West in terms of speech. The freedom of speech gives an individual an opportunity to speak his or her mind and also give his or her opinion, sometimes on veryRead MoreFreedom Of The Media And Freedom Of Speech1540 Words   |  7 Pageswhen Socrates was forced to drink poison for his â€Å"corruption of youth† (Mette), which can be seen as silencing one man for the betterment of everyone, but there is always an ample amount of opinions on such a controversial topic as Freedom of the press, or Freedom of Speech. Many nations today believe that very strict and regulated system of governing the media and entertainment is the best answer, such as China, w here â€Å"censorship was considered a legitimate instrument for regulating the moral and politicalRead MoreFree Speech Or Freedom Of Speech Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction America is known as The Land of Freedom, basically we are entitled for legal freedom to do whatever we wanted to. However, the freedom of speech has been challenged by many university students and educators recently. In their argument, they believe that free speech has triggered students’ unhappiness and jeopardize campus’ safety. What is the free speech or freedom of speech? According to dictionary, freedom of speech is the right of people to express their opinions publicly withoutRead MoreFreedom of Speech3842 Words   |  16 PagesFreedom of speech Freedom of speech  is the freedom to speak freely without  censorship. The synonymous term  freedom of expression  is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on hate speech. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a  humanRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech And Expression898 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the words, â€Å"freedom of speech† are uttered today, it brings about much conflict and tension. The vagueness of the First Amendment is a pretty good indication of how different times were back when the Constitution and everything along with it were created. Back then, all the Founding Fathers wanted was the establish a democracy using the lessons they had learned from the tyranny of the British King. They wanted more freedom and power to the people. In the modern era, everything has changed, and

Lee Jun Fans Life and Accomplishments - 1464 Words

Lee Jun Fan, more commonly known as Bruce Lee, was born November 27th, 1940, in San Francisco, California. During this time it was the hour and year of the Dragon, in San Francisco’s Chinatown. Bruce was the fourth child of Lee Hoi Chuen and Grace Ho. Lee Hoi Chuen, Bruce’s father, was a comedic actor in the Chinese opera. Chuen and his wife were on tour in America with the opera company when Bruce was born. At three months old, Bruce and his family returned to Hong Kong. On the way back, Bruce became weak from the change in climates and the long ocean trip. From a young age, Bruce had already appeared in many films as a child actor, studied dance, and wrote poetry. While in middle school, Bruce would be taunted by English boys in†¦show more content†¦One of Bruce’s students, Linda Garfield, was a freshman at the University of Washington, later married Bruce in 1964. Linda and Bruce moved to Oakland, California to open another school, leaving the Seattle institute with friend Taky Kimura. While teaching gung fu in California, Bruce set to improve by expanding his knowledge of other styles. In 1964, Bruce’s self-exploration was delayed by a challenge from other gung fu teachers from San Francisco. These teachers didn’t like that Bruce was teaching non-Chinese people. The terms of the challenge were if Bruce lost, he would stop teaching non-Chinese. Bruce won the fight in three minutes, but was disappointed in himself, for taking so long and being exhausted. This is the point where Bruce turned in his self-exploration in martial arts and physical fitness, bringing the evolution of Jeet Kune Do. In earlier years, Bruce became friends with Ed Parker, the man regarded as the starter of American Kenpo. Bruce was invited by Parker in August of 1964, to Long Beach, California, for Parker’s First International Karate Tournament to give a demonstration. Bruce demonstrated blindfolded chi sao techniques, and his one-inch punch. A well-known hair stylist, Jay Sebring, was in the audience that day of the First International Karate Tournament and saw Bruce’s performance. Later, Jay was giving a haircut to William Dozier, a producer. Dozier told Jay that for a series he was

Entrepreneurship along with Business Risk-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literature review of business , regarding new business trends. Answer: Introduction It is evident from various surveys that micro, small, along with medium enterprises account for at least sixty percent of the total jobs around the society. Therefore, such enterprises pose the fundamental influence on the growth of the economy of different countries. The availability together with access to business development services providers tend to be vital for the micro, small and medium enterprises to be able to learn and acquire advanced understanding in relation to operations, marketing, management, advancement in technology, resourcing, and innovation. Therefore, it is important that the desk review is made on past investigation that focuses on the topic of the risk-taking propensity amongst entrepreneur (Petrakis 2014, p. 89). Besides, the literature reviewed will comprise of some relevant studies that had been done in the past specifically those that relate to the issue of investigation. Additionally, investigations related to the general concern of entrepreneurship wil l also receive effective review to shed additional insight on the matter of study. This investigation commences with the examination of the concept of entrepreneurship with special references to the process of the entrepreneurial process along with how entrepreneurs play their function in the process. The examination is then followed by the examination of risk as well as its usefulness to the global economy. Objectives of the project The principal objective of this research paperwork is to examine the entrepreneur risks involved in operation of different businesses around global society. Other specific objective include To investigate causes of entrepreneurship risks To examine how to control cases of risk occurrences in business marketplaces To investigate risk taking propensity in entrepreneurship Scope of the research It targets to examine different entrepreneurship processes that continue to be the same and the functions. The paperwork aim at examining the nature of entrepreneur that is universal regardless of business operations. Besides, it concentrates on illustrating how presence of hereditary risks exists in every process that commences from the ideation, creation of enterprise, conceptualization, commercialization, together with ending with the development of the enterprise. Furthermore, it concentrates on illustrating how all business operations around the world face risk within their activities regardless of its size. The focus of the paper largely focus on illustrating how business operators have to identify, manage, assess, and monitor the business opportunities and risks of organizations. It remains to be a wide survey that illustrates how disappointments in the current business operations are always caused by misjudgments, management of risk, along with changes in corporate requiremen ts of governance. There are also increasing expectations of stakeholder for entrepreneurs to efficiently manage all risks that occur within the organization. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship remains to be the process that is universally linked with the founding of ventures of business by acquiring or expanding the existing operations of the business. Entrepreneurs have been considered as bearers for risks along with uncertainties in process of making choices of business. Entrepreneurship helps in making innovations for advanced goods, advanced approaches to production, the new marketplace, and new kinds of industrial organizations. Lawless (2012, p. 1230) concurred those entrepreneurs tend to assumed risk with the intention to improve operations of the business. Besides, Fourati et al., (2017, p. 1049) was able to recognize entrepreneur to be the manager or business owner who is not employed elsewhere in marketplaces. Furthermore, Nitani and Riding (2014, p. 257)described the entrepreneur to be the manager of any business who has the function of making decisions and taking different responsibility as the decision maker while taking responsibility for the attained decisions. Therefore, from the above definitions, many researchers can be capable to conclude of the micro, small and medium enterprises where they may not be the founder but not only consist of responsibility in process of attaining decision and but also takes the responsibility together with risk for the decision reached. Endeavors of entrepreneurship comprise of the process of gathering of productive resources in the attempt to start the business operations with the expectation with the expectation of offering the reasonable income to the entrepreneurship or operators of the small business. These resources comprise of manpower, devices, time, money, and fundamental raw materials that may comprise of some risks in procuring resources. For instance, the risk in the business of not attaining basic raw materials as required to producing the ideal product or damage to the equipment as well as devices means losses to the entrepreneur (Miles 2014, p. 14). The available risk with associated risk needs to be recognized and managed to help in cases of minimizing losses and to improve revenues. Micro, small, and medium enterprises These enterprises are and will stay to be the backbone of economic progress around the global society. Without any doubt, micro, small, as well as medium companies contribute largely to the strength of the economy of most nations. Therefore, the definition of micro, small, as well as medium-sized enterprises need to be grouped within the context of the nation in which they perform their functions, but their functions vary according to the region of operation. Schwartz et al., (2013, p. 1583) defined micro, small, together with medium-sized enterprises in marketplaces to be the firm that is capable of employing one hundred and fifty full-time employees with production sales turnover of at most twenty-five million dollars. The definition of these enterprises covers the process of manufacturing that comprise of service deliveries, primary agriculture, agro-based activities, and advancement in technology usage among other factors. The risk in business operations Risk has become common in the field of economies from early days of the 1920s. It started to be the major area of focus in the learning discipline to note it cause and how to control and eliminate it in the business sector. Therefore, the definition of risk in business operations has been extended within the sector that deals with the process of making decisions by use of several kinds of literature in the field of management, insurance, environmental, along with psychology among other subjects. Therefore, risk along with its elements in business comprises of complicated definition viewed and considered differently in relation to the taxonomy that the person uses it during its operations (Mayer 2013, p. 1498). Besides, the general definition of risk remains to be the cases of uncertainty that happen due to the occurrence of losses during business operations. The risk remains to be the degree of different cases of uncertainty along with potential loss that may follow from the specifie d behavior. These cases of uncertainties are in relation to the occurrence of the event that may be undesirable for business operations. Apart from the cases of difference in the definition of risk, two themes that are common in risk remain to be lost together with uncertainty in business operations. The term probability of the risk occurring in business operations may comprise of the connotation of the likelihood of particular individual as compared to the chance to other individuals. Most entrepreneurs are risk takers in their operation by nature (Parnell 2015, p. 231). The entrepreneur faces losing everything that they had invested in the business startup. Therefore, there are several risks that every entrepreneur faces when the plan to begin the new business operations. In the competitive marketplace and increasingly populated ecosystem, entrepreneurs still face several challenges when commencing the new business, some of these challenges can result in loss of profit and cases of bankruptcy (Hambock et al., 2017, p. 1052). Therefore, with any fresh venture of business, there is the element of risk involved along w ith various thoughts needs to be given to the kind of business an individual plan to commence. Uncertainty can be a unique work specifically if the term of uncertainty in business operations refers to the element of risk and uncertainty as for the state of mind of the person that processes the risk (Leonard and Clementson 2012, p. 3). The risk in business operations involves the loss of operations leading to undesirable outcomes during business operations. The loss in business operations through the rising of risks remains to be the involuntary reduction in the capacity of the entity towards satisfies wants of people. Therefore, many scholars have failed to agree in separating the awareness of people, their perception, along with attitude from the general concept of business operational risks. Entrepreneurial risk No matter how well an individual plan as well as prepare, starting any business operation in any global marketplace is a gamble. The entrepreneur remains to be the risk taker as it is prone to assume risks of the business. Any error in making the decision on business operations is the probable source of threat or chance in assuring the business success during operation (Baumgartner et al., 2013, p. 1099). Any error in the process of establishing business decision continues to be the probable source of treat or chance in assuring the business success. The distinctiveness of business entrepreneurs, tight, and rivalry situation of the economy has obligated capability of entrepreneurs on predicting the risks of business operations (Clogston 2016, p. 382). Therefore, ability to take the risk as being the inherent attribute of the venture of entrepreneur shows that the entrepreneur remains to be profit from the potential that is unexploited making an individual also be inevitably deal with the massive degree of uncertainty. Risks within business operations occur from the uncertainty that concern the future along with the impact of present judgments. Therefore, choices of business operations need to comprise of the assessment of their results along with the possibility that the results might differ from expectation. There is always the need for entrepreneurs to confront the rising problem of uncertainty in business operations. Besides, there are many types of risk in the present business operations (Aspromourgos 2014, p. 32). The occurrences of risk on business can be applicable to entrepreneur business in process of making decisions on their operations. Some of these risks comprise of credit risks, price risks, along with pure risks. The cases of price risks consist of marketplace risks that associate to the victory of the plan of every business operation, the various demands of commodities, along with issue relating to price and cost that include the price of output and risks in the input of prices. Mo reover, price risk in operation of business relates to financial risks that comprise of credit, the flow of cash, foreign currency, together with working capital (Eraydin et al., 2010, p. 531). Every risk associated with operations of the business are not monetary, yet the appropriate deal of risk is risks resulted from business pressures that relate to the growth of the business, the culture of the organization, together with management of business information. Additionally, another kind of business operational risks includes credit risks. The credit risks in business operations refer to the chance along with the magnitude of financial loss that occurs in the process of spending money. Major types of business operation risks include pure risks. Such kind of risks always influence operations of business due to the reduction in the valuation of assets of business like the wreck or demolition of construction, records of the business, equipment, inventory, or other property. The pure risk can occur in any business operations as a result of costs incurred after the break of fires, flooding, or any other disaster that negatively affect ideal operations of the business (Burns et al., 2015, p. 99). Moreover, pure risk also comprises of losses that the company incur due to the damages incurred during shipping or losses that occur because of rising in criminal cases that comprise of robbery or misappropriation. Therefore, most entrepreneurs ace the range of pure risks in their operations and they need to control as well as manage lest they endanger the future operations of the business of the companies (Nitani and Riding 2014, p. 265). Additionally, pure risks in business op erations comprise of legal liability for damages for harm to clients, shareholders, and suppliers, along with the injury to workers that result from different accidents, harmful commodities, and inappropriate practices of business, professional malpractice, and omission of essential elements in business operations (Kim and Min 2015, p. 43). The other pure risk in operations of entrepreneurs remains to be the risk associated with paying benefits to workers that get injured under laws that look at the safety of employees. Risk taking propensity Investigation of the process of behavior towards the ideal process of making decisions has categorized the risk into different elements. Some of these risks comprise of perception, propensity, along with preparedness to take the risk. Risk propensity in operations of business refers to the perceived probability that aims at attaining rewards that associate with achievement of planned scenario needed through entity prior subjection to different consequences that associates with failures, the alternative scenario that offer less reward, along with less severe effects that the proposed situation (Bernat et al., 2016, p. 273). The idea of risk-taking around business operations remains to be one of the different dimensions of the orientation of entrepreneurship of a corporation. It stands to be the readiness of every business organization to consign important resources to chances that might remain to be uncertain. Besides, the perception of risk stays to be the subjective interpretation o f loss expected affected by different views of people of the uncertainty of the decision made and the impact of the decision (Hambock et al., 2017, p. 1053). Besides, risk propensity within business operation stays to be the general tendency of an individual towards taking or avoiding risk within the specified type of context in process of making operational decisions. Therefore, risk propensity within entrepreneur is the shared tendency for business stakeholders to accept or avert risks during their operations. All these factors concerning risk propensity make most entrepreneurs be risk takers by nature of their operations. Sometimes, entrepreneurs face losing their business inputs or everything that they invest into the starting of a business (Fourati and Affes 2014, p. 2). Therefore, when choosing ideal business operation activities, entrepreneurs have to leave behind the security as the wage earned behind along with the extra time and resources to use in other operations. In many cases, entrepreneurs face the point when different unplanned events happen as the result of failed attempts at endeavors of risk. The cases of ups and downs of the economy and new trends of market pose the danger to new operations of businesses (Fellnhofer 2017, p. 173). Lack of proper management of businesses tends to get affected depending on nature along with business location, prospective competition, along with product pricing. Therefore, market risks can then be effectively managed trough idea of conductin g ideal marketplace analysis. Conclusion This literature paperwork presents the review of previous data on the risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs. The research on this article has attempted to organize the past survey outcomes to develop the understanding in relation to the topic of entrepreneurship and risks as a new business trend around markets. The article has summarized the empirical evidence of ideas of entrepreneurship and risks so as to address the major concerns for the focus on this investigation. From the literature work above, the discussion on entrepreneurs risks taking propensity centered on two variables that affect the risk-taking propensity such as demographic together with characteristics of the business. The impact of these variable predictors on entrepreneurs risk-taking propensity has also been investigated. From the explanation, it is clear that demographic along with business traits are the essential components of risk-taking propensity. Therefore, considering the inadequate empirical investigati on for micro, small, medium corporations risk-taking propensity in different places around the globe, there is a need for further investigation to address these issues. It will be essential in the next proposal to study the conduct investigations on different risks that affect operations of micro, small and medium enterprises. The chapter should also offer insight into appropriate survey design employed to interrogate the survey problem with particular reference to activities of sampling, methods of collection of data, along with the techniques employed in analyzing collected data. List of References Aspromourgos, T 2014, 'Entrepreneurship, risk and income distribution in Adam Smith', European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 21-40. Available from: 10.1080/09672567.2012.683025. [24 April 2018]. 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Eraydin, A, Tasan-Kok, T, Vranken, J 2010, 'Diversity Matters: Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Contribution of Different Forms of Social Integration in Economic Performance of Cities', European Planning Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 521-543. Available from: 10.1080/09654311003593556. [24 April 2018]. Fellnhofer, K. (2017). Financing entrepreneurship by risk capital - evidence revisited. J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 10(2), p.173. Fourati, H. and Affes, H. (2014). Risk as a Threat, Risk as a Missing Opportunity, the Owner Finance and Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 4(4). Hambck, C., Hopp, C., Keles, C. and Vetschera, R. (2017). Risk aversion in Entrepreneurship Panels: Measurement Problems and Alternative Explanations. Managerial and Decision Economics, 38(7), pp.1046-1057. Kim, S. and Min, S. (2015). Business Model Innovation Performance: When does Adding a New Business Model Benefit an Incumbent?. 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Journal of Small Business Entrepreneurship, 27(3), pp.251-274. Parnell, JA 2015, 'Crisis Management and Strategic Orientation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ( SMEs) in Peru, Mexico and the United States', Journal of Contingencies Crisis Management, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 221-233. Available from: 10.1111/1468-5973.12060. [24 April 2018]. Petrakis, P. (2014). Entrepreneurship and Risk Premium. Small Business Economics, 23(2), pp.85-98. Schwartz, M, Goethner, M, Michelsen, C, Waldmann, N 2013, 'Start-up Competitions as an Instrument of Entrepreneurship Policy: The German Experience', European Planning Studies, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1578-1597. Available from: 10.1080/09654313.2012.722960. [24 April 2018]. Smith, KA 2017, 'Entrepreneurship empowers: students with career readiness', Techniques: Connecting Education Careers, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 22-26. Zelekha, Y 2013, 'The Effect of Immigration on Entrepreneurship', Kyklos, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 438-465. Available from: 10.1111/kykl.12031. 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The Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa free essay sample

This paper provides an in-depth look at the disease anorexia nervosa, and the psychology behind the condition. This paper discusses the condition that plagues thousands of people each year, anorexia nervosa. The author examines which populations frequently deal with the disease, the symptoms, the risks, and hospitalization and rehabilitation. The paper looks at the psychology behind this many times fatal eating disorder. From the Paper: American society women are given the message starting from a very young age that in order to be successful and happy, they must be thin. Eating disorders are on the rise; its not surprising given the value which society places on being thin. Television and magazine advertising show the image of glamorous and thin models are everywhere. Thousands of teenage girls are starving themselves daily in an effort to attain what the fashion industry considers to be the ideal figure. An average female model weighs 23% less than the recommended weight for a woman. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maintaining a weight 20% below your expected body weight fits the criteria for the emotional eating disorder known as anorexia.